Development of Three-Dimensional Models for Optimizing the Teaching-Learning Process of Atomic Structure

Abstract

This project seeks to improve the learning of abstract chemistry concepts using 3D-printed models. The use of three-dimensional atomic models in the teaching-learning process arises in response to two key problems in chemistry education: students' perception of this discipline as abstract and theoretical, which reduces their interest, and the diversity of learning styles, where some students require visual, tactile, or interactive stimuli to internalize concepts. This project used FUSION 360 software, specialized in 3D design, to design atomic models. During the work sessions, the theoretical foundations of 3D modeling and atomic models studied in high school chemistry courses were addressed. In addition, personalized advice was provided so students could design their own models while learning the fundamentals of three-dimensional modeling. The result was six different atomic models. These models were integrated into classroom activities accompanied by teaching guides, and their impact was evaluated through applied activities and questionnaires. The results indicate a significant improvement in students' understanding of complex phenomena, as well as more efficient and meaningful information retention. Furthermore, they show that this strategy increases student engagement, motivated by the curiosity to assemble the physical models. This approach not only humanizes science learning but also offers a tangible alternative to overcome abstraction barriers in the classroom. As part of the dissemination, open educational materials were generated with the aim of replicating and expanding this experience in other educational contexts.